新版 轻轻松松的安装 Linux 系统

底下问说, 本机器之网路界面卡是外接式, 或者是一般内接式,
一般桌上型电脑用的都是内接式。
　
<< 画面 4-38 >>
____________________ ETHERNET DEVICE SELECTION _____________________
? ?
? Slackware can configure either an INTERNAL ethernet card, or an ?
? EXTERNAL D-Link adaptor. ?
? ?
? Which type of ethernet device do you have? ?
? ________________________________________________________________??
?? Internal Internal ethernet card ??
?? External External D-Link adaptor ??
? ________________________________________________________________??
? ?
____________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
____________________________________________________________________?


下面回答 该 NFS server存放 Slackware Linux系列软体之路径。

<< 画面 4-39 >>

__________________ SELECT SOURCE DIRECTORY ___________________
? ?
? There must be a directory on the server with the Slackware ?
? sources for each disk in subdirectories beneath it. ?
? ?
? The installation script needs to know the name of the ?
? directory on your server that contains the disk ?
? subdirectories. For example, if your A3 disk is found at ?
? /slackware/a3, then you would respond: /slackware ?
? ?
? What is the Slackware source directory? ?
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
??root/slackware-2.0.2 ??
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
_______________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_______________________________________________________________

<< 画面 4-40 >>
We'll switch into text mode here so you can see if you have any errors.
We'll switch into text mode here so you can see if you have any errors.

Configuring ethernet card...
Mounting NFS...
mount: 192.168.1.150:/root/slackware-2.0.2 failed, reason given by server:
No such file or directory

Current mount table:
/dev/fd0 on / type minix (rw)
none on /proc type proc (rw)
/dev/hdb1 on /mnt type ext2 (rw)
Do you think you need to try this again ([y]es, [n]o)?

上面是最後一个问题, 这里是问说, 我们要不要再事一次, 通常
我们从萤幕上并没有看到错误讯息的话, 就可以回答 n 。 本例子中,
由於路径回答错误, 所以我必须回答 y, 之後, 从新来一次。


□ 硬碟安装法
前面说过, 从硬碟安装很简单。 底下我就是过程实际示范出来。

至於以下我们选择 1 或选择与 4 其实是一样的, 不同的是,
选项 4可以配合我们事先手工挂上来的目录, 而不论来源是硬碟
NFS 或 CD-ROM drive。 以底下 < 画面 4-42 > 的操作来说, 我们
先要哪一个硬碟分割区, 之後再决定目录的路径以及档案属性等等
。

<< 画面 4-41 >>
__________________ SOURCE MEDIA SELECTION ____________________?
? ?
? Where do you plan to install Slackware Linux from? ?
? ?
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
?? 1 Install from a hard drive partition ??
?? 2 Install from floppy disks ??
?? 3 Install via NFS ??
?? 4 Install from a pre-mounted directory ??
?? 5 Install from CD-ROM ??
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
_______________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_______________________________________________________________

　
选择选项 1 硬碟安装後, 我们进一步要指定分割区所在。 下面
画面中, 由於我 Slackware Linux 软体放在第一个硬碟的第一个分割
区, 我回答 /dev/hda1。 假如您不清楚哪一个分割区, 可以光按
<Enter> 键, 这可以浏览您硬碟内所有的分割区。
　

<< 画面 4-42 >>
____________________ INSTALLING FROM HARD DISK _____________________
? ?
? In order to install directly from the hard disk you must ?
? have a partition with a directory containing the Slackware ?
? distribution such that each disk other than the boot disk ?
? is contained in a subdirectory. For example, if the ?
? distribution is in /stuff/slack, then you have to have ?
? directories named /stuff/slack/a1, /stuff/slack/a2, and so ?
? on each containing the files that would be on that disk. ?
? You may install from DOS, HPFS, or Linux partitions. ?
? Please enter the partition where the Slackware sources can ?
? be found, or [enter] to see a partition list: ?
? ?
? ________________________________________________________________??
??dev/hda1 ??
? ________________________________________________________________??
? ?
____________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
____________________________________________________________________?

　
接下来画面我们要回答路径所在, 这里我回答 /slakware, 这路
径实际上是 C:\SLAKWARE。
　
<< 画面 4-43 >>
__________________ SELECT SOURCE DIRECTORY ___________________
? ?
? Now we need to know what directory on this partition ?
? the Slackware sources can be found in. (The directory ?
? in which the subdirectories for each disk is found) ?
? NOTE: You must give the directory name relative to the ?
? top of the partition. So, for example, if you're going ?
? to mount this partition under /usr, don't include the ?
? '/usr'at the beginning of the pathname. ?
? ?
? What directory are the Slackware sources in? ?
? ?
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
??slakware ??
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
? ?
_______________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_______________________________________________________________

　
接下来还要指定档案属性, 由於是 DOS C: 磁碟, 我选 1 。
　

<< 画面 4-44 >>
__________________ SELECT FILESYSTEM TYPE ____________________?
? What type of filesystem does your Slackware source ?
? partition contain? ?
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
?? 1 FAT (MS-DOS, DR-DOS, OS/2) ??
?? 2 Linux Second Extended Filesystem ??
?? 3 Linux Xiafs ??
?? 4 Linux MINIX ??
?? 5 OS/2 HPFS ??
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
_______________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_______________________________________________________________


□ CD-ROM 安装法

CD-ROM 的安装方法也一样简单, 不过记得先知道您的 CD-ROM类
型, 并且因此选择一个恰当的 bootdisk。 有关选择 bootdisk 的根
据, 您必须先了解您的唯独光碟机的类型或品牌, 之後叁考下表, 至
於更详细的细节请叁考前面第二章的说明。

SCSI CD-ROM: scsi.gz
Panasonic 562B/562B: sbpcd.gz
Mitsumi CD-ROM: mitsumi.gz
SONY CDU31A 及 535 CD-ROM: cdu31a.gz

<< 画面 4-45 >>

__________________ SOURCE MEDIA SELECTION ____________________?
? ?
? Where do you plan to install Slackware Linux from? ?
? ?
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
?? 1 Install from a hard drive partition ??
?? 2 Install from floppy disks ??
?? 3 Install via NFS ??
?? 4 Install from a pre-mounted directory ??
?? 5 Install from CD-ROM ??
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
_______________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_______________________________________________________________


以下选择您正确 CD-ROM drive。
　

<< 画面 4-46 >>
______________________ INSTALLING FROM CD-ROM ______________________?
? ?
? In order to install Slackware Linux from a CD-ROM, it must ?
? contain the distribution arranged beneath a source directory ?
? in the same way as if you were to install it from a hard ?
? drive or NFS. The source directory must contain subdirectories ?
? for each floppy disk. Your CD-ROM should be compatible with ?
? this format if it contains a mirror of the Slackware FTP site. ?
? ?
? What type of CD-ROM drive do you have? ?
? ?
? ________________________________________________________________??
?? 1 SCSI [ /dev/scd0 or /dev/scd1 ] ??
?? 2 Sony CDU31A [ /dev/sonycd ] ??
?? 3 Sony 535 [ /dev/cdu535 ] ??
?? 4 Mitsumi [ /dev/mcd ] ??
?? 5 Sound Blaster Pro (Panasonic) [ /dev/sbpcd ] ??
?? 6 NEC 260 IDE CD-ROM [ /dev/nec260 ] ??
? ________________________________________________________________ ?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
____________________________________________________________________?

　
选择该片 CD 片存放 Slackware Linux的实际路径。 若以下都
没有, 则选择 Custom。 对於交通大学出版的『云观 CD-ROM III,
Linux Plug & Play CD-ROM』 的使用者来说, 以下要选择第三选项
　
<< 画面 4-47 >>
______________________ SELECT SOURCE DIRECTORY ________________________?
? Now we need to know which directory on the CD contains the Slackware ?
? sources. This location may vary depending on the cd you have. There ?
? are default selections for the Slackware Professional CD (including ?
? an option to run mostly from the CD), InfoMagic CD, TransAmeritech ?
? CD, and the Linux Quarterly CD-ROM. There may be other directories ?
? containing other versions - enter a custom directory name if you ?
? like. Which option would you like? ?
? ____________________________________________________________________??
?? slakware Slackware Pro: install to HD ??
?? slackpro Slackware Pro: run from CD ??
?? slackware/slakware TransAmeritech CD ??
?? packages/slackware Linux Quarterly CD-ROM ??
?? distributions/slackware InfoMagic CD-ROM ??
?? Custom Enter your own directory name ??
? ____________________________________________________________________??
________________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
________________________________________________________________________?

　

由於上一个画面选择 Custom, 接下来我要自行回答完整路径, 关
於这项资料, 您必须自行叁考您手上的 CD 片为准。

<< 画面 4-48 >>

____________________ SELECT SOURCE DIRECTORY ____________________?
? Now we need to know which directory on the CD contains the ?
? Slackware sources. This location may vary depending on the CD ?
? you have. You may omit the leading '/' if you like. What ?
? directory are the Slackware sources in? ?
? _____________________________________________________________ ?
??/linux/slakware ??
? _____________________________________________________________ ?
_________________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_________________________________________________________________



□ 选择安装软体
前面罗哩罗唆的介绍四种安装方法, 读者请根据您的设定及条件,
选择其中之一就可以, 之後, 进入到这一节, 这里我们要来选择究竟
安装哪些软体, 或许哪些可以省略。
下面第一个画面是前一节 『指定安装来源』 操作时的最後一个
画面, 通常我们选择 Yes, 就进行到这一节的操作, 或者读者选 No
的话, 之後在主选单上选择进入 DISK SETS选项也可以进行这里的操
作。


<< 画面 4-49 >>
______________________ CONTINUE? ________________________?
? Would you like to go on to the DISK SETS section and ?
? select which catagories of software to install? ?
__________________________________________________________?
? < Yes > < No > ?
__________________________________________________________?

以下就是第一个选择画面, 有关於选择方法, 先移动上下方向键,
之後, 使用空白键把想安装的部份标示起来, 底下画面 A 选项其左边
已经有打叉标示, 这是内键情况, 表示 A 系列一定要安装。 再之後
的画面 (画面 4-51), 才是笔者所选择的。 读者朋友可以比对一下
<画面 4-50> 与 <画面 4-51> 的差异。
以下选项就是 Slackware Linux 系列编号软体, 其中第一选向
是用来安装非标准 (Customer) Slackware Linux软体, 这里我们没
有介绍。 假如光选择 A 系列的话, 则可以架设出一套最基本 Linux
系统。 至於想要安装能够直接由 CD-ROM 执行者, 这是比较特殊的
情况, 以下除了 Q 系列以外, 什麽都不要装 (对云观 CD-ROM III
的用户来说, 请叁考您手上的使用手册, 或者第五章「交大『云观
CD-ROM III』直接由 CD-ROM执行之安装法」)。
以下的选择方法, 用上下方向键移动反白, 用按空白键来做选
择切换。

<< 画面 4-50 >>
__________________________ SERIES SELECTION ____________________________?
? ?
? Use the spacebar to select the disk sets you wish to install. ?
? You can use the UP/DOWN arrows to see all the possible choices. ?
? Press the ENTER key when you are finished. If you need to ?
? install a disk set that is not listed here, check the box for ?
? custom additional disk sets. ?
? ?
? _____________________________________________________________________ ?
?? [ ] CUS Also prompt for CUSTOM disk sets ??
?? [X] A Base Linux system ??
?? [ ] AP Various Applications that do not need X ??
?? [ ] D Program Development (C, C++, Lisp, Perl, etc.) ??
?? [ ] E GNU Emacs ??
?? [ ] F FAQ lists, HOWTO documentation ??
?? [ ] I Info files readable with info, JED, or Emacs ??
? ________(+)_________________________________________________________ ?
_________________________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_________________________________________________________________________

底下画面我统统标示起来, 意思是要安装一个最完整的 Linux作
业系统。
<< 画面 4-51 >>
__________________________?SERIES SELECTION ____________________________?
? ?
? Use the spacebar to select the disk sets you wish to install. ?
? You can use the UP/DOWN arrows to see all the possible choices. ?
? Press the ENTER key when you are finished. If you need to ?
? install a disk set that is not listed here, check the box for ?
? custom additional disk sets. ?
? ?
? _____________________________________________________________________ ?
?? [ ] CUS Also prompt for CUSTOM disk sets ??
?? [X] A Base Linux system ??
?? [X] AP Various Applications that do not need X ??
?? [X] D Program Development (C, C++, Lisp, Perl, etc.) ??
?? [X] E GNU Emacs ??
?? [X] F FAQ lists, HOWTO documentation ??
?? [X] I Info files readable with info, JED, or Emacs ??
? ________(+)_________________________________________________________ ?
_________________________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_________________________________________________________________________

下面画面问说, 我们要不要接着立即进行安装, 到这里, 几乎万
事已经具备。

<< 画面 4-52 >>
______________________ CONTINUE? ________________________?
? Now that you've decided what you want to install you ?
? may begin the installation process by moving to the ?
? INSTALL section. Please note that if you have not ?
? completed all the prerequisites you will be informed ?
? of this and returned to the main menu. Would you like ?
? to go on to the INSTALL section? ?
? ?
__________________________________________________________?
? < Yes > < No > ?
__________________________________________________________?

　

　

　
□ Install 实际安装
经过以上前置作业後, 我们已经指定了安装的来源与去处, 且
对於软体的安装范围也已经指定好, 现在我们真的要把 Linux 系统
安装到硬碟里面。
下面画面的反白停在第一个选项, 这是内定方式, 不熟的朋友
这里按<Enter>, 采用内定方法即可。

<< 画面 4-53 >>
______________________ SELECT PROMPTING MODE _______________________
? ?
? Now you must select which type of prompting you would like to ?
? use while installing your software packages. If you're not ?
? sure which mode to use, read the help file. ?
? ?
? Which type of prompting would you like to use? ?
? ________________________________________________________________??
?? Normal Use the default tagfiles ??
?? Custom Use custom tagfiles in the package directories ??
?? Path Use tagfiles in the subdirectories of a custom path ??
?? None Use no tagfiles - install everything ??
?? HELP Read the prompt mode help file ??
? ________________________________________________________________??
____________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
____________________________________________________________________?

<< 画面 4-54 >>
________________________________________________?
? PROMPT mode selected. Using prompting ?
? defaults found in tagfiles along the way. ?
________________________________________________?


以下就开始进行拷贝安装了, 由於画面好几十个, 这里我们就不
一一摘录出来, 我只收录第一个画面, 以及其中一个选则 Kernel 的
画面。

以下读者们会碰到选择系统核心的过程, 其实照笔者的看法, 以
下即使您挑选了一个最适合的系统核心 (以下两个, 以及 Q 系列大约
有 11 个, 也未必是最适合您硬体以及需求的系统核心。 照笔者这样
的浅见, 最适合的系统核心当然要自己来做, 而这也就是为什麽, 笔
者强调, 系统核心的重新编译 (Recompile Kernel) 是您系统安装完
成, 且开始正常运转了, 之後的第一件工作。
假如您也认为笔者以上的看法可接受, 以下选择系统 Kernel时,
您的选择底线, 就是, 最起码, 该 Kernel 能够启动您的机器, 并成
功认得您的硬体配备。 最起码, 这样子能够确保系统能够初步运转
起来, 之後就可以重新编译一份系统核心。
　
<< 画面 4-55 >>
______ Auto-installing package ==>base<== Priority: [required] ________?
? ?
? Basic Linux filesystem package. ?
? ?
? Sets up the basic directory structure and adds a few important ?
? binaries such as GNU mtools 2.0.7 and fdisk. ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? Size: Compressed: 128K, uncompressed: 410K. ?
_________________________________________________________________________

以下画面要选择一个系统核心, 假如我们的机器刚好是 IDE 硬碟
界面, 刚好也只需要 UMSDOS 及 PPP 两项支援, 这里就按 <Enter>
选择安装, 假如不是, 或者是 IDE 但需要更多支援, 您需要则把反白
移到 <Cancel>, 就可以跳过不安装。

<< 画面 4-56 >>
________ Package Name: ==>idekern<== Priority: [recommended] __________?
? ?
? Linux kernel version 1.1.54, without SCSI support. ?
? ?
? A Linux kernel for computers that do not need SCSI support. You MUST ?
? install a kernel image in order for your system to boot. This kernel ?
? also contains UMSDOS and PPP. See the file 'config.in' for an exact ?
? list of included drivers. ?
? ?
? ***IMPORTANT***! If you have special hardware, such as a non-SCSI ?
? CD-ROM drive, you'll need to install a kernel from the Q series that ?
? supports it, or compile the support into your own custom kernel. ?
? ?
? Size: Compressed: 398K, uncompressed: 480K. ?
? ?
? Install package idekern? ?
? _____________________________________________________________________ ?
?? Yes Install package idekern ??
? ____________(+)_____________________________________________________ ?
_________________________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_________________________________________________________________________
　
__________________ INSTALLING __________________?
? Installing package idekern ?
________________________________________________?


假如您使用 SCSI 界面硬碟, 您要选用下面画面, 若不是, 则跳
过去不选用。 注意, 整个 Q 系列有其他更多选择。