新版 轻轻松松的安装 Linux 系统

__________________ SET YOUR MODEM SPEED __________________?
? Please select a modem speed. You may use setserial ?
? later to make 38400 stand for a higher baud rate if ?
? these speeds aren't fast enough. ?
? ______________________________________________________??
?? 38400 ??
?? 19200 ??
?? 9600 ??
?? 4800 ??
?? 2400 ??
?? 1200 ??
?? 300 Ouch! ??
? ______________________________________________________??
__________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
__________________________________________________________?

设定 LILO
以下进行到最重要的, 设定 LILO 开机选择程式。 LILO 是一个
相当优秀的系统工具, 读这若漏装了这软体, 将非常可惜。 有了 LILO,
您不需要任何其他开机选择程式。

假如我们电脑内只有 Linux 系统, 没有其他作业系统, 这时只需
执行以下 Begin 及 Linux 两个程序, 假如说硬碟内有 DOS, 而我们
也想开机时可以选择DOS或 Linux, 这样子也把以下 DOS选项也一并执
行, 当确定设定无误後, 执行 Install程序。 以下我再分别简单说明
各步骤之作用:
Begin: 设定 LILO 安装模式, 比方安装在硬碟 MBR Superblock
或者软碟, 要不要 LILO 稍作延迟等等细节。
Linux: 设定把 Linux包含进开机选择。
DOS : 设定把 DOS 包含进开机选择。
Install: 实际安装动作

以下画面中, 我们就把反白移到 Begin 选项上。

<< 画面 4-70 >>
__________________________ LILO INSTALLATION __________________________?
? LILO (the Linux Loader) allows you to boot Linux from your hard ?
? drive. To install, you make a new LILO configuration file by ?
? creating a new header and then adding at least one bootable ?
? partition to the file. Once you've done this, you can select the ?
? install option. Alternately, if you already have an /etc/lilo.conf, ?
? you may reinstall using that. If you make a mistake, you can always ?
? start over by choosing 'Begin'. Which option would you like? ?
? ___________________________________________________________________ ?
?? Begin Start LILO configuration with a new LILO header ??
?? Linux Add a Linux partition to the LILO config file ??
?? OS/2 Add an OS/2 partition to the LILO config file ??
?? DOS Add a DOS partition to the LILO config file ??
?? Install Install LILO ??
?? Recycle Reinstall LILO using the existing lilo.conf ??
?? Skip Skip LILO installation and exit this menu ??
?? View View your current /etc/lilo.conf ??
?? Help Read the Linux Loader HELP file ??
? ___________________________________________________________________ ?
_______________________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_______________________________________________________________________


下面首先询问要不要在启动时, 传一些叁数给 Kernel。 据笔者
了解, 有些情况会有这需要, 比方说您使用级特殊规格的硬碟 (IBM
牌硬碟可能是其中之一), 还有比方说您的光碟机控制卡 Kernel无法
侦测到, 另外还有配备两块网路卡时, 这些情况都会需要在系统启动
时额外传叁数给 Kernel。
不过, 我建议读者朋友先忽略这操作, 等系统设定完成後, 若发
觉有需要, 届时手工编修 /etc/lilo.conf 档即可。

　
<< 画面 4-71 >>
______________________?OPTIONAL append= LINE ________________________?
? Some systems might require extra parameters to be passed to the ?
? kernel in order to boot. An example would be the hd=cyl,hds,secs ?
? needed with some SCSI systems and some machines with IBM ?
? motherboards. If you needed to pass parameters to the kernel when ?
? you booted the Slackware bootkernel disk, you'll probably want to ?
? enter the same ones here. Most systems won't require any extra ?
? parameters. If you don't need any, just hit ENTER to continue. ?
? __________________________________________________________________??
?? ??
? __________________________________________________________________??
______________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
______________________________________________________________________?

底下我们就来选择开机模式。 以下有三个选项, 我分别解释如下:

MBR: MBR是位在第一颗硬碟⒌谝sylinder内的第一个sector,
电脑一启动电源後, 会先读取这区域, 来决定开机。
Root: 这是所谓 superblock, 就是把 LILO 装在 Linux 所在
的分割区。
Floppy: 指定把LILO安装在软碟上, 这样可以软碟开机。

以上 MBR 与 Floppy可能比较常用, 第一次安装 Linux的生手,
笔者尤其推荐用软碟开机, 等熟悉後, 最好把也同时设定 MBR, 这
样万一其中一个坏掉, 还可以用另外一个方式开机。

　
<< 画面 4-72 >>

________________ SELECT LILO TARGET LOCATION _________________
? LILO can be installed to a variety of places: the master ?
? boot record of your first hard drive, the superblock of ?
? your root Linux partition (which could then be made the ?
? bootable partition with fdisk), or a formatted floppy disk. ?
? If you're using a boot system such as OS/2's Boot Manager, ?
? you should use the Root selection. Please pick a target ?
? location: ?
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
?? MBR Use the Master Boot Record ??
?? Root Use superblock of the root Linux partition ??
?? Floppy Use a formatted floppy disk in the boot drive ??
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
_______________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_______________________________________________________________

　
以下询问要不要开机时, 让 LILO停顿一下, 若选择 None, 则开机
时, 除非按住 <Shift> 或 <Alt> 键, 这样会迫使 LILO停下来, 否则
LILO 不会停下来。
照笔者的习惯, 我习惯设定停顿五秒钟, 在这五秒钟内, 只要我碰
一下 <Caps Lock>键, 就会出现 LILO: 提示符号, 我再进一步按一下
<Tab> 键, 就会出现所有 OS 的选单。

<< 画面 4-73 >>
________________________ CHOOSE LILO DELAY __________________________?
? How long would you like LILO to wait for you to hit left-shift to ?
? get a prompt after rebooting? If you let LILO time out, it will ?
? boot the first OS in the configuration file by default. ?
? __________________________________________________________________??
?? None Don't wait at all - boot straight into the first OS ??
?? 5 5 seconds ??
?? 30 30 seconds ??
?? Forever Present a prompt and wait until a choice is made ??
? __________________________________________________________________??
______________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
______________________________________________________________________?

　
以上已经指定好 LILO 的运作方式了, 接下来我们就要把我们硬
碟里现的 OS, 全部加入 LILO 的开机选单中。 底下先把反白移道第
二行。
<< 画面 4-74 >>

__________________________ LILO INSTALLATION __________________________?
? LILO (the Linux Loader) allows you to boot Linux from your hard ?
? drive. To install, you make a new LILO configuration file by ?
? creating a new header and then adding at least one bootable ?
? partition to the file. Once you've done this, you can select the ?
? install option. Alternately, if you already have an /etc/lilo.conf, ?
? you may reinstall using that. If you make a mistake, you can always ?
? start over by choosing 'Begin'. Which option would you like? ?
? ___________________________________________________________________ ?
?? Begin Start LILO configuration with a new LILO header ??
?? Linux Add a Linux partition to the LILO config file ??
?? OS/2 Add an OS/2 partition to the LILO config file ??
?? DOS Add a DOS partition to the LILO config file ??
?? Install Install LILO ??
?? Recycle Reinstall LILO using the existing lilo.conf ??
?? Skip Skip LILO installation and exit this menu ??
?? View View your current /etc/lilo.conf ??
?? Help Read the Linux Loader HELP file ??
? ___________________________________________________________________ ?
_______________________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_______________________________________________________________________


底下侦测到一共有两个 Linux属性的分割区, 我们在空白内填入
想要 LILO 开机启动的分割区。

<< 画面 4-75 >>

________________________ SELECT LINUX PARTITION ________________________?
? These are your Linux partitions: ?
? ?
? Device Boot Begin Start End Blocks Id System ?
? /dev/hdb1 1 1 100 50368+ 83 Linux native ?
? /dev/hdb3 161 161 300 70560 83 Linux native ?
? ?
? Which one would you like LILO to boot? ?
? ____________________________________________________________________??
??dev/hdb3 ??
? ____________________________________________________________________??
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
________________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
________________________________________________________________________?


以下填入一个代号, 这样在开机时 LILO 提示符号下, 键入该代
号, 就可以启动进入这代号所代表的作业系统。
　
<< 画面 4-76 >>
________________ SELECT PARTITION NAME __________________?
? Now you must select a short, unique name for this ?
? partition. You'll use this name if you specify a ?
? partition to boot at the LILO prompt. 'Linux' might ?
? not be a bad choice. THIS MUST BE A SINGLE WORD. ?
? ______________________________________________________??
? ?linux1 ??
? _____________________________________________________??
__________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
__________________________________________________________?

　
把 Linux 分割区加入开机选单後, 以下我们要回到 LILO 的主
服务画面。 底下我想把我 /dev/hda1 的 DOS 分割区也加入选单, 以
下选择 DOS。

　

<< 画面 4-77 >>

__________________________ LILO INSTALLATION __________________________?
? LILO (the Linux Loader) allows you to boot Linux from your hard ?
? drive. To install, you make a new LILO configuration file by ?
? creating a new header and then adding at least one bootable ?
? partition to the file. Once you've done this, you can select the ?
? install option. Alternately, if you already have an /etc/lilo.conf, ?
? you may reinstall using that. If you make a mistake, you can always ?
? start over by choosing 'Begin'. Which option would you like? ?
? ___________________________________________________________________ ?
?? Begin Start LILO configuration with a new LILO header ??
?? Linux Add a Linux partition to the LILO config file ??
?? OS/2 Add an OS/2 partition to the LILO config file ??
?? DOS Add a DOS partition to the LILO config file ??
?? Install Install LILO ??
?? Recycle Reinstall LILO using the existing lilo.conf ??
?? Skip Skip LILO installation and exit this menu ??
?? View View your current /etc/lilo.conf ??
?? Help Read the Linux Loader HELP file ??
? ___________________________________________________________________ ?
_______________________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_______________________________________________________________________

以下安装程式侦测到 /dev/hda1 有 DOS分割区, 我们就回答该分
割区作为启动之用。

<< 画面 4-78 >>

________________________ SELECT DOS PARTITION _________________________
? These are possibly DOS partitions. They will be treated ?
? as such if you install them using this menu. ?
? ?
? Device Boot Begin Start End Blocks Id System ?
? /dev/hda1 * 1 1 1000 127491+ 6 DOS 16-bit >=32M ?
? ?
? Which one would you like LILO to boot? ?
? ____________________________________________________________________??
??dev/hda1 ??
? ____________________________________________________________________??
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
________________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
________________________________________________________________________?

　
同样的, 以下我们也给这DOS分割区取一个代码, 这里我们取名为
dos (大小写无关系)。

<< 画面 4-79 >>
________________ SELECT PARTITION NAME __________________?
? Now you must select a short, unique name for this ?
? partition. You'll use this name if you specify a ?
? partition to boot at the LILO prompt. 'DOS' might not ?
? be a bad choice. THIS MUST BE A SINGLE WORD. ?
? ______________________________________________________??
?责os ??
? ______________________________________________________??
__________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
__________________________________________________________?


又回到这画面, 现在我们就可以把反白移动到 Install 这一行,
真正执行 LILO Install。
<< 画面 4-80 >>
__________________________ LILO INSTALLATION __________________________?
? LILO (the Linux Loader) allows you to boot Linux from your hard ?
? drive. To install, you make a new LILO configuration file by ?
? creating a new header and then adding at least one bootable ?
? partition to the file. Once you've done this, you can select the ?
? install option. Alternately, if you already have an /etc/lilo.conf, ?
? you may reinstall using that. If you make a mistake, you can always ?
? start over by choosing 'Begin'. Which option would you like? ?
? ___________________________________________________________________ ?
?? Begin Start LILO configuration with a new LILO header ??
?? Linux Add a Linux partition to the LILO config file ??
?? OS/2 Add an OS/2 partition to the LILO config file ??
?? DOS Add a DOS partition to the LILO config file ??
?? Install Install LILO ??
?? Recycle Reinstall LILO using the existing lilo.conf ??
?? Skip Skip LILO installation and exit this menu ??
?? View View your current /etc/lilo.conf ??
?? Help Read the Linux Loader HELP file ??
? ___________________________________________________________________ ?
_______________________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_______________________________________________________________________

我们接着可以在萤幕上看到下面这讯息。

<< 画面 4-81 >>
______________________________________?
? ?
? Installing the Linux Loader... ?
? ?
______________________________________?

设定网路
紧接着设定 LILO 之後, 我们要进行网路的设定。

<< 画面 4-82 >>

__________________ CONFIGURE NETWORK? ___________________
? Would you like to configure your network? ?
? ?
__________________________________________________________?
? < Yes > < No > ?
__________________________________________________________?

下面讯息稍微阅读一下, 尤其不要忘记, 当您系统建议起来後,
随时还可以用 netconfig 命令重新设定网路。
　
<< 画面 4-83 >>
______________________ NETWORK CONFIGURATION _______________________
? ?
? Now we will attempt to configure your mail and TCP/IP. This ?
? process probably won't work on all possible network ?
? configurations, but should give you a good start. You will be ?
? able to reconfigure your system at any time by typing: ?
? ?
? netconfig ?
? ?
____________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > ?
____________________________________________________________________?

　
以下首先回答您这部 Linux的主机名称, 在这里, 笔者将之取名为
linux3, 注意, hostname 加上 domain name 就是您机器的完整网路
名称。 通常假如您在台湾学术网路的话, 这名称要在学校的 nameserver
注册, 至於在台湾非学术网路部份, 可以透过 service@tpts1.seed.net.tw
的服务来注册 (也就是那些 *.org.tw *.com.tw 及 *.gov.tw 等等),
假如是公司内部网路, 则无须登记。

<< 画面 4-84 >>

__________________________ ENTER HOSTNAME __________________________?
? First, we'll need the name you'd like to give your host. Only ?
? the base hostname is needed right now. (not the domain) ?
? ?
? Enter hostname: ?
? ________________________________________________________________??
??linux3 ??
? ________________________________________________________________??
____________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
____________________________________________________________________?

　
以下回答该机器所在网路之 domain name, 以下我回答 uuserv.net.tw。

<< 画面 4-85 >>

________________________ ENTER DOMAINNAME _________________________
? Now, we need the domain name. Do not supply a leading '.' ?
? ?
? Enter domain name for linux3: ?
? ________________________________________________________________??
?| uuserv.net.tw ??
?|________________________________________________________________??
____________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
|____________________________________________________________________?

下面询问是否是单机网路, 也就是说假如该机器没配备有网路卡,
也没有透过串列通讯界面 (比方SLIP/PPP) 或 平行通讯界面 (PLIP)
连接网路, 底下就回答 Yes, 假如想上网路, 则回答 No。
<< 画面 4-86 >>
__________________________ LOOPBACK ONLY? __________________________?
? If you only plan to use TCP/IP through loopback, then your ?
? IP address will be 127.0.0.1 and we can skip a lot of the ?
? following questions. ?
? ?
? Do you plan to ONLY use loopback? ?
____________________________________________________________________?
? < Yes > < No > ?
____________________________________________________________________?

　
假如上一个画面回答 No, 您接着就会看到以下画面。 以下回答
该机器的 IP 地址, 注意, 假如这机器要连上 Internet的话, 这 IP
不可以乱定, 因为 Internet上的 IP 地址是不可以重复的。 至於是
内部网路的话, 可以任意选用以下的 IP。

10.0.0.0 ～ 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 ～ 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 ～ 192.168.255.255
注意, 假如您在台湾学术网路的话, 往下的资料, 通常您要询问
贵校的计算机中心才可获得, 否则, 找一个网路前辈问看看。

<< 画面 4-87 >>

____________________ ENTER LOCAL IP ADDRESS _____________________
? Enter your IP address for the local machine. Example: ?
? 111.112.113.114 ?
? Enter IP address for linux3 (aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd): ?
? ______________________________________________________________??
??92.168.1.149 ??
?|______________________________________________________________??
__________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
|__________________________________________________________________?

　
假如有 Gateway的话, 填到底下。
　
<< 画面 4-88 >>

____________________ ENTER GATEWAY ADDRESS ____________________?
? Enter your gateway address, such as 111.112.113.1 ?
? ?
? If you don't have a gateway on your network, you can enter ?
? your own IP address. ?
? ?
? Enter gateway address (aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd): ?
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
??92.168.1.150 ??
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
_______________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_______________________________________________________________

底下填入 Netmask。
<< 画面 4-89 >>

________________________ ENTER NETMASK ________________________?
? Enter your netmask. This will generally look something ?
? like this: 255.255.255.0 ?
? Enter netmask (aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd): ?
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
??55.255.255.0 ??
? ___________________________________________________________ ?
_______________________________________________________________
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
_______________________________________________________________

以下询问是否有 nameserver, 内部私有网路可以回答 No, 至於
想上 Internet的机器, 则一定要有 (此处是指定一部 Name server
提供不机器的需要的 IP<-> Domain name 转换服务, 而不是说要设
立自己的一部 Name server。 对大部分人来说, 没有必要有自己的
Name server)。
<< 画面 4-90 >>

______________ USE A NAMESERVER? _______________
? Will you be accessing a nameserver? ?
________________________________________________?
? < Yes > < No > ?
________________________________________________?

　
Internet 上负责把 IP 转 Domain name (或反过来) 的服务, 就
是由 nameserver负责, 以下把距您最近的一部 nameserver的 IP 填
入。
<< 画面 4-91 >>

________________________ SELECT NAMESERVER __________________________?
? Here is your current IP address, full hostname, and base hostname: ?
? 192.168.1.149 linux3.uuserv.net.tw linux3 ?
? ?
? Please give the IP address of the name server to use. ?
? You can add more Domain Name Servers by editing /etc/resolv.conf. ?
? ?
? Name Server for domain uuserv.net.tw (aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd): ?
? __________________________________________________________________??
??39.175.249.15 ??
? __________________________________________________________________??
______________________________________________________________________?
? < OK > <Cancel> ?
______________________________________________________________________?

　
<< 画面 4-92 >>
__________________ NETWORK SETUP COMPLETE ____________________?
? ?
? Your networking software has now been configured. ?
? ?
_______________________________________________________________
? < OK > ?
_______________________________________________________________
　
以上, 基本网路设定已经妥当。 接下来, 我们要设定电子邮件服
务系统 (sendmail), 这里的设定只适用在 Slackware Linux 2.02 以
後的版本, 之前的版本无须此道操作。
接下来进行到画面 4-93, 这里所遇到的, 是 selection 萤幕剪
贴 (只在 Console有效) 程式, 这里问说, 是否要在系统一开机时就
执行该程式, 使得随时可以有剪贴功能 (类似 DOS常驻功能)。 笔者
建议这里回答 No, 之後假如发现有用到, 随时执行该程式即可。